Internal and external rotation is associated with which axis?

Internal and external rotation of joints, such as the shoulder or hip, occurs around the longitudinal axis. This axis runs vertically through the body, allowing for rotational movements. When a joint rotates inward (internal rotation) or outward (external rotation), it does so by turning about this vertical axis.

Understanding the distinction of movement axes is crucial in anatomy and kinesiology. The transverse axis typically relates to flexion and extension movements, such as when bending and straightening the limbs. The anteroposterior axis facilitates abduction and adduction, movements that involve limbs moving toward or away from the midline of the body, respectively. The mediolateral axis supports movements in a front-to-back manner.

Recognizing how the longitudinal axis allows for rotational motion helps clarify the mechanics behind various exercises and movements in fitness training, enabling trainers to better teach and implement these movements in their programs.