What is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol?

The term "bad" cholesterol commonly refers to LDL-C, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This designation arises from the role that LDL plays in cardiovascular health. Elevated levels of LDL-C in the bloodstream can lead to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial walls, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis—a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries. This increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.

In contrast, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is often called "good" cholesterol due to its protective effects, as it helps transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver for excretion. VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) is another type of lipoprotein, primarily responsible for carrying triglycerides in the blood, and while it has been implicated in cardiovascular risk, it does not carry the same connotations as "bad" cholesterol as LDL does. Triglycerides are fats found in the blood, and while high levels can also pose health risks, they are not classified as cholesterol. Therefore, LDL-C is specifically recognized as "bad" cholesterol for its significant role in adverse cardiovascular effects.